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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Madison Buffalo Jump State Park ： ウィキペディア英語版 Madison Buffalo Jump State Park Madison Buffalo Jump State Park is a Montana state park in Gallatin County, Montana in the United States. The park is and sits at an elevation of . The park is named for a canyon cliff used by Native Americans as a buffalo jump, where herds of bison were stampeded over the cliff as an efficient means of slaughter.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Madison Buffalo Jump State Park )〕 Madison Buffalo Jump State Park is a day use-only park. It is open year-round for hiking, wildlife observation, and some picnicking.〔 ==History== The buffalo jump at Madison Buffalo Jump State Park was used by numerous Native American tribes for approximately 2000 years, dating as far back as 500 B.C. and ending around 1750 A.D. The indigenous peoples stampeded the herds of bison off the cliff without the aid of horses or guns. They used the bison for food, clothing, provisions and shelter.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Madison Buffalo Jump State Park )〕 The bison were forced into a stampede by young men known as ''runners''. The runners were trained for endurance and speed.〔 The bison were also forced into groups by linear cairns and logs that were placed to funnel the bison into specific locations on areas in behind the cliff face. The introduction of the horse to North America by European explorers and settlers brought about the end of the buffalo jumps.〔 The State park has not changed much over the years; bone shards are still scattered at the base of the cliff and tepee rings still gather around the top. The buffalo jump along the Madison River was used by numerous tribes including the Hidatsa, Shoshone, Lakota, Dakota, Nez Perce, Bannock, Arapaho, Salish, Cheyenne, Blackfeet, Crow, Gros Ventres, Cree and Assiniboine.〔 The families of the runners from the tribes would camp at the base of the cliffs. From there they were able to process the bison. The meat was used for food and the meat that was not eaten right away was dried.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Madison Buffalo Jump )〕 Skins were used for tipis and horns and bones were used for various types of tools.〔 Markings on many of the bones indicate that foul play was a possible cause of death. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Madison Buffalo Jump State Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.